Analysis of the last scene in the play “The History Boys” Essay

Analysis of the last scene in the play â€Å"The History Boys† Introduction Critical analysis of the last scene in the play â€Å"The History Boys†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This extract captures the end of the play so well. The opening statement gives the impression that the play is coming to an end. Irwin is presented in his wheelchair. This is a reminder that the audience should not forget that Irwin had been involved in an accident. It is during the accident that he broke his legs. Presently, he can’t walk. He can only use a wheelchair to move around. In the opening statement, we are told that photographs of Hector as a young man were being displayed on the screen. Again, this is used to emphasize the fact that he is not alive at present. The audience is made to recall what sort of a person Hector was when several photographs of him as a young man are flashed on the screen. The demise of Hector is symbolically emphasized also by the song that the boys are singing: ‘Bye Bye Blackbird’. When they sing this song, it brings out a sad mood. The effects of the song cause melancholy to grip th e audience as they are made to feel the deep absence of Hector. By extension, the song also helps bring the message of sympathy towards Irwin, who is in wheelchair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the play in this extract begins, the Headmaster speaks about Hector. He praises him as a person who loved language and a person who molded his students to understand literature and language. But the tone that he uses captures his emotions has he remembers Hector. He seems to be in great pain and sadness because of Hector’s death. This is a good way of ending a play. It is worth showing the audience that the dead character had a significant contribution in the development of the story. In addition, flashing back connects the audience to the story in a solid manner. That is to say that the audience feels a part of everything that is happening in the play. In this case, when the Headmaster mentions Hectors’ past and how good he was, the audience feels the sadness that surrounds the fact that he died.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, the mood of sadness brought to the surface by the Headmaster is propagated by some of the students. However, these students recall Hector by the way he did his things and the way he talked. For instance, Timmssays that he never understood some of the things that Hector said. Lockwood himself thought that Hector was an extraordinary teacher. He jokingly says that he realized that Hector was a human being when he heard him complain of being a teacher in that school. He had referred it as a ‘godforsaken school’. What Lockwood meant is that Hector loved to teach language and literature. He, therefore, didn’t expect to hear him complain at all. However, this attitude of Lockwood paints a better picture of Hector to the audience with regard to how his students viewed his teaching.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The past about Hector had its pitfalls. He messed severally and did some things that his students cannot forget. Crowther says that he had done many ‘unforgivable things’. Perhaps this utterance refers to the time that Hector had been found fondling with a boy. This brought him out as a homosexual. According to Crowther, this act was abnormal and thus refers to it as unforgivable. It is important to mention that the tone with which Crowther utters this statement reveals distaste. He appears to have developed a negative attitude on Hector perhaps on the grounds of his sexual orientation. He appears to feel less remorse for the fact that Hector is dead. He casually says, â€Å"Even his death was a lesson and added to the store†. This emphasizes the fact that he felt no sympathy upon Hector’s death. For purposes of ending this play, it becomes important to know how some students felt about Hector. And the feelings o f Crowther towards Hector cannot be ignored.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, the Mrs Lintott, the History teacher, has her comments about Hector. She says that Hector never bothered with what he taught. In other words, MrsLintott means that Hector cared less about what he taught. The tone in her voice betrays her attitude towards Hector. She seems to have been bothered by the way Hector had been teaching. However, she remarks that his students ended up taking different careers in life. She simply and casually says that some became solicitors, others chartered accountants, others teachers among others. The students take different paths in life because Hector had been influenced them think beyond just passing exams. It can be said that he had a great impact on the lives of his students. This recounting of the lives of the students is a good marker to show that the play is coming to an end. It is important for the audience to know the lives of the characters as influenced by Hector, who appears to be the center of this passage. His contribution is being recalled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides Mrs Lintott, students also take part in telling the audience what each of them becomes at the end of the play. For instance, Timms says that one of the students became a tax lawyer. He supports the claims that Mrs Lintott is making that Hector’s students succeeded in their lives. Dakin owns up to Timms’ claim to mean that he is the one being referred to as the tax lawyer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the discussion proceeds, Mrs Lintott humorously says that Hector had referred Irwin as a journalist instead of a history teacher. This is because of the view that Hector had on the way Irwin taught his History lessons. He did not teach history as was supposed to be taught. Instead, he taught students how to critically analyze the past. It is a claim that Irwin himself admits with a sense of humor. This is a way of further remembering what kind of person Hector was. He had a very different approach in teaching from that of Irwin. This is a nice way of bringing the story to an end because the audience feels that Hector had a significant position in the lives of those who lived with him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another positive impact of Hector in the lives of his students is illustrated by the mention of one of his students, Posner. Mrs Lintott humorously says that Posner remembers everything that he was taught by Hector in terms of language and literature. She supposedly says that Posner remembers the exact words of Hector. We find that this last part of the play is filled with what can be referred to as sweet memories of Hector. In the case of the Posner, there is a replica of Hector. Posner likes literature in the same manner that Hector did. He is ever present in the local library reading. This illustration is also contributing to a good ending of the story. It helps to further paint the picture of Hector.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, Hector’s voice is used to utter the last words before the play ends. He is given this privilege to conclude what others have been implying about him. From the discussion held up by Mrs Lintott and others, we have realized that Hector was an exceptional person. To other teachers, Hector had a different approach to teaching. The students also felt the same. They felt that he made them understand what they were learning from a cramming point of view. However, they don’t make bad comments on him. Instead, they praise him. He has had contributions in the success of his students. They passed their final exams and are all successful people in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This passage explicitly talks about Hector, the English teacher who is not alive at the moment. We gather that he had died earlier on in an accident. Being a passage that is ending the play, it effectively captures the attitudes of the rest of the characters about Hector. The language used portrays a mix of moods; sadness and happiness. It is sad when everyone remembers the contributions that Hector had in the teaching fraternity and he is now dead. It portrays happiness when his sense of humor is recalled. In a nutshell, this passage is effective in the way it ends the play. The audience is left contemplating about Hector. It is nostalgic when his voice is given an opportunity to utter the last words before the end of the play. References Bennett,  A. (2004). The history boys. New York: Faber and Faber. Source document

Compare/Contrast: Antigone and Creon

Compare / Contrast Antigone and Creon There is always going to be some kind of conflict in a family. It may happen often, and sometimes rarely. In the century-old story Antigone there is a huge conflict. Antigones brother, Polyneices, refuses to pass on the throne. Therefore, he and his brother Etheocles go to war, and they both end up killing each other. Therefore, it resulted in Polyneices death. When he died, Creon; the ruler of Thebes, refuses to let anyone bury him.So he will be left in public shame. Not regarding any of the laws Creon created, and ignoring what her family says, Antigone goes ahead and covers him with some dirt and â€Å"buries† him. To begin with, Antigone has gone through a hardship. She has lost her brother and her family is very mad with her, since they have also been brought into the conflict. Antigone is very strong; she does what she wants without thinking twice. She is also very sneaky. She buried her brother without anyone noticing.The blame was even put on her timid sister, Ismene. Who was later questioned by Creon, and also was held by him until she was found innocent. But Antigone already knows her consequences, so she is ready if she is caught. Antigone also follows the Gods law. She believes that manmade law must harmonize with the Gods law. She is lead by her emotions and what her heart tells her to do. Antigone strongly believes that both of her brothers deserve burial rights, therefore she fights for it.On the other hand, Creon differs somewhat. Creon inherited the throne after Oedipus was killed. He only honored Ethocles, and announced that no one would be allowed to bury Polyneices. As you can tell, Creon likes to go by the laws he created, not by the Gods. Creon doesn’t like to listen to others opinions about the situation. Haemon, his son, tries to convince Creon to not bury Antigone. Yet, he doesn’t even take a second to think about it. Haemon then mentions Creons ruling is tyranny, not government .

Argumentive Essays - Trojans, Mythological Kings, Epic Cycle

The Trojan War I am almost sure that we all know the stories of Greek Mythology. Now for Troy and its war, we may only know the stories implied by novels and movies. Some tails and myths have only part of the story which might seem more exciting then what actually started the fight, and how it really ended. Achilles didn?t really die at the end of the war. He was said to conquer Troy after the war had ended. This war is very popular because it lasted a decade. Achilles was the son of Thetis and Peleus. His mother tried to protect him from a prophecy of early death by dipping him into the River Styx, which would make him invulnerable? However, she held him by the heel so his heel was unprotected. She sent him to hide in the court of the king of Scyros, where he was disguised as a girl and married the princess Deidamia. Odysseus disguised himself as a traveling merchant, and tempted Achilles into revealing himself using a beautiful sword. The Iliad is a story that deals with a small part of the Trojan War. The cause of this war is when Paris, the prince of Troy, sailed to Sparta, seduced and abducted Helen and returned to Troy. When Menelaos discovered that his wife was gone, he gathered a number of Greek generals together to go with him, conquer Troy, and retrieve his wife. However, the Iliad only covers a few months during the tenth year of the war. In this time, many important events took place that could have possibly altered the outcome of this historic event? Two beautiful women whom were enemies of the Achaeans are captured during one of the many raids the army had on Troy. One of the women, named Chrysies is the prize for Ahomemnon (the king and commander-in ?chief of the Achaeans). But Chrysies? father, Chrysies wants his daughter back. Cheresies, whom was the priest God of Apollo, is hoping to go to the Achaean camp and claim his daughter. Unfortunately, this plan did not work out. And because of this, Chrys ies prays to Apollo for help. Apollo did in fact help the old man by spreading a deadly plague through the Achaean army, killing hundreds of them. After days of this, the Achaean?s most honored soldier, Achilles calls a meeting to determine the cause of the plague. A soothsayer of the Achaeans determines that King Agamemnon?s arrogance caused the plague by not returning the woman whom was captured to be his war prize. After finding this out, the woman is returned but Agamemnon takes Briseis whom was the prize captured for Achilles. Achilles is angry and publicly insulted so therefore he refuses to fight for the Achaeans and withdrawals his troops. He then requests to his mother Thetis (a sea nymph) to influence Zeus to help the Trojans defeat the Achaeans. The leader of the Gods promises Thetis that he will help. Zeus sends a dream to Agamemnon that has him convinced he will defeat the Trojans in battle the next day. With the order from Agamemnon, the army prepares itself for attack . The Trojans and Achaeans draw towards each other and Paris challenges one of the Achaeans to a one on one fight. The challenger of this is Menelaos. The winner will win Helen and both sides will agree on a treaty of peace. During the duel, Menelaos wounds Paris and begins dragging him to the Achaean?s territory when suddenly, Aphrodite appears and rescues him. Agamemnon announces to his army that they have won and demands that Helen is given back to them. Goddesses Hera and Athena want a complete destruction of Troy and they ask Zeus if no truce were made. Zeus in turn gives in and grants them their wish. As a result, the fighting soon resumes. As a way to start the war anew, Athena searches for Pandaros, a Trojan leader and tells him to kill Menelaos. Being the type of person Pandaros is he follows through with her advice. But instead of killing Menelaos, he only wounds him. The Achaeans are shocked that the Trojans would do this being that the truce is

'There is more to volunteering than just doing unpaid work' Discuss Essay

'There is more to volunteering than just doing unpaid work' Discuss - Essay Example iduals who stand up to volunteer are themselves members of the community, and eventually derive a benefit which, although not financial, extends to them in some way along with the to rest of society. In the Unites States, for example, it has been estimated that services provided by volunteering teenagers contribute more than 34 billion dollars to the U.S. economy (Gay, 2004, p. 2). Alcock (2004, p 4) shows that charitable and voluntary action were considered essential components of the welfare state by the Government, as long ago as 1909. People volunteer for many different reasons. The most obvious reason is to give back to society - volunteering seems tied to the concept of moral duty to help with a good cause. However, the time, resources and efforts spent on volunteering are often significant, and altruism alone is not the only motivating force for a person willing to work for a cause without financial gain. Volunteering can involve rewards other than financial, and people choose to volunteer for many different reasons. For example, volunteering can include activities or consequences that have significant value in the person’s life. A person who is attached to animals may volunteer at a shelter for stray cats. For this person, the emotional satisfaction gained by tending to the animals, ensuring their care and safety, would have more significance the same time spent working and earning a few extra dollars. For many volunteers, this activity is the best means for them to socialize with people of similar interests. For example, Oxfam used young volunteers interested in music to recruit local young musicians and raise money for charity through concerts – the activity gave the volunteers a channel to put their passion for music to a good cause (Mahony, 2007). Volunteering is in some cases, very inherently associated with financial gains. A student hoping to land a job at a particular firm would, for example, choose to volunteer and spend his spare time

Advances in accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advances in accounting - Essay Example This research seeks to determine the relevance of OBA in an environment with high competition and the lack of cooperation between the suppliers and consumers. Most companies after exploiting most of the cost reduction methods have resorted to forming supply chains to be competitive in the market. With this, OBA was found to be necessary for reducing cost and thus raised productivity. For OBA to be successful, it requires cooperation and mutual trust between the suppliers and consumers. The researchers have noted that most companies are not willing to share important information with the buyers. This paper is important since it seeks to address the importance and challenges facing the application of OBA technique in inter-organizational cost management. Despite the challenging circumstances under which OBA is applied, the paper addresses how it can be used for the good of the parties involved and also give recommendations on how to counter the challenges involved. The paper is interesting since it involves interacting with people in the real market situation, and the findings thereof are a true reflection of what is happening in the field. The key reference literatures for this research are vi. Sharing Sensitive Information in Supply Relationships: The Flaws in One-way Open-book Negotiation and the Need for Transparency, European Management Journal by Lamming, Richard, Nigel D. Caldwell, Wendy E. Phillips, and Deborah A. Harrison (2005) The above books describe the relevance of OBA to cost reduction and the conditions for the success of the tool to cost management in IOCM. These books seek to describe the challenges facing the implementation of OBA in inter-organization cost management. The research method chosen for the study is interview. This involved interviewing purchasing experts in the first and second phases and afterward interviewed sales experts. These interviews were done using questionnaires, whereby the questionnaires were sent to

Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Civilizations - Essay Example The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, which is largely known as modern-day Iraq, Egypt, India, and China were the first to qualify as classical civilizations of the axial age. According to the majority of famous historians, a civilization is basically a process in which people belonging to a specific area shape their cultural and religious beliefs. By the same definition, the ancient Greeks qualified themselves as a unique civilization with one remarkable difference, which was the dominating priesthood that claimed a control on the sole lines of communication with the powers of mystery. In this paper, we will discuss the environmental, economic, and socio-political attributes of Greece, Roman Civilization, India, and China and compare them in order to highlight similarities and differences, which influenced the development in human history. Along with the discussion on similarities and differences, we will also discuss the decline of these famous civilizations in order to get a b etter understanding of the causes of their decline. The Axial Age The period from 800 B.C. to 200 B.C.E. is generally known as the Axial Age. It was the period when a large number of today’s most famous religions were introduced to the people of that time. Modern day Iraq, Greece, and Persia are some of the most prominent civilizations of the Axial Age. At this time, the politics of the whole world mostly revolved around the area of the Middle East, which was the most stable area of that time. In that age, the civilization of Greece was reaching its peak in all aspects of life whether it was philosophy, politics, culture, or any other aspect of a good civilization. Muesse found that the rise of Zoroastrianism in Persia, emergence of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism on the Indian subcontinent, and the introduction of Daoism and Confucianism in China are some of main religious development s related to the Axial Age.1 Major Ancient River-Valley Civilizations Let us now discuss th e environmental, economic, and socio-political attributes of the ancient civilizations of Greece, Roman Empire, India, and China in detail. There are remarkable coincidences which allowed these ancient societies to attain a high degree of development which qualified them to be called as civilizations. It was a coincidence that all of these ancient civilizations were located in highly fertile geographical regions of the world. This was a strategic similarity because without the fertility of the soil, these ancient civilizations would not be able to develop further from their previous precarious existence. The locations of Greece, China, India, and Rome allowed the people to develop quickly from a hunting or gathering way of life to a more peaceful and respectable way of life. Mesopotamia itself lied between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates that encompassed parts of northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran. Gunnell states, â€Å"They developed in the valley betwee n the Tigris and Euphrates, along the Nile, the Indus and Ganges, and Yellow Rivers respectively†.2 Both rivers had origins in the Armenian region of modern-day Turkey fed by tributaries from the Zagros mountains. The early people of Mesopotamia used to harness the fertility of soil only if they had

(the self-parking and driving car Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

(the self-parking and driving car - Assignment Example Also as they will be able to access real-time information on the status of the roads, traffic jams and grid-lock may become a thing of the past, also they may ease movement for the visually impaired and physically challenged (Car jam). Driverless cars are still illegal and ultimately it will be up to lawmakers to adjust the guidelines of the road, particularly dealing with security and insurance matters, so as to allow for driverless cars on the road. Issues like who is at fault in an accident? Will drivers control data about their whereabouts? Imagine a situation where the computer fails and the driver cannot retake control in time. Likewise, what if the system is hacked? These are a few of the new challenges that have to be faced. Despite this some states namely California, Michigan, Nevada, Florida and Washington D.C, are taking steps(CNN). Either way companies like Google, Audi, BMW, Mercedes ford and Nissan see this as the next frontier in car development and have viable prototy pes in testing. Though this is yet to be achieved, it seems to be the future of driving (CNN). Â  CAR Magazine site. "Driverless cars: why you wont be buying one soon (2014)." 2014. Web. 26 Mar 2014.

Employee Empowerment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Employee Empowerment - Essay Example (Kotelnikov, 2008) In relation to the importance of employee empowerment within a flat organization, several strategic ways that will effectively prepare employees to become empowered and self-efficient as an individual employee and in group decision-making process will be thoroughly discussed. Employee empowerment is about enabling employees to make important decision-making without having the need to go through several management layers for approval. For employees to be able to make quick and effective decisions, employered employees are expected to have the following characteritstics: (1) innovativeness; (2) creativeness; and (3) resourcefulness (Chaturvedi, 2008). knowledge and skills development which can be acquired by making each employee undergo proper training programs, it is important for managers and organizational leaders to be able to develop and implement an effective organizational learning culture. Organizational learning is actually referring to the ability of employees to acknowledge the importance of learning and eventually develop a continuously learning habit to enable them to transform into a more competitive individual. (Columbia University, 2008) As a result of having an effective organizational learning culture, competitive and empowered employees are expected to be able to continuously learn new skills and be able to easily adopt with the changing market environments. The transformation of organization practice from a traditional high bureaucratic organizational structure into a flat organizational structure can result to a lot of organizational conflict because of the possibility that some of the existing employees may have resistance to major organizational change. For this reason, managers should have a good leadership and communication skills to enable the leaders to easily control and convert internal organizational pressures into positive employee behavior and acceptance to

Nintendo Wii Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nintendo Wii - Research Paper Example For sometime now, Nintendo has been a strong market force, having bigger companies like Sony and Microsoft as closest competitor. This performance is however not global as in parts of the world such as Japan, were â€Å"sales were falling below those of Sony's PlayStation 3 during March 2009† (Harding, 2009) SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Rank (2008) observes that Nintendo has four major strengths which have to do with â€Å"a strong brand name, high returns, high employee efficiency, and debt free status.† This means that the company the potential of building a very formidable market base in many parts of the world since it is globally known and free from financial constraints. Weakness Nintendo’s greatest weakness has to do with its inability to meet demand of its products, especially the Wii. Rank (2008) laments that â€Å"the new Nintendo Wii console is under such high demand that the manufacturers are not able to supply the key components.† Opportunities Nint endo can take opportunity from two major areas, which are â€Å"Growing US games software market and increasing demand for online gaming† (You Sigma, 2009). The company is therefore challenged to take up the opportunity to grow its stake in the video game industry. Threat The company is threatened with the general slowdown of the Japanese, American and European markets (You Sigma, 2009) as a result of the global economic crisis. Analysis via Porter’s Five Forces Model Threat of new entrants The technology industry is a fast growing one with new entrance seen every now and then. Because of the seemingly lucrative nature of the industry, Nintendo risks stiffer opposition from new entrants who may not be new to technology but to the video game industry. In such a situation, such entrants are likely to cause a commercial stir with their existing name. Bargaining Power of Buyers Global economic hardships result in increased bargaining power by buyers (Konadu, 2004). Because the world is yet to recover fully from the global economic crisis, Nintendo risks buyer opting for lesser fee of products and services. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Nintendo’s suppliers raised their bargaining power due to offset of stricter opposition and competition in the video game market. Nintendo had to face competition from Microsoft and Sony and so had no other option than to give in to the bargain of suppliers. Substitute Products/Services Currently, Nintendo have shown lesser power to substitute its products as services. This is because for a very long time, the company’s focus has remained video game. Intense Rivalry Microsoft as one of the rivals of Ninendo will continue to offer intense rivalry because Microsoft is faced with stiff competition in other areas of its production such as software and computer production. For this reason, Microsoft is likely to pay more attention to the video game section of its company. Strategy used Nintendo’s strate gy can be seen in two major areas. First, taking advatange of technology where by the company’s â€Å"innovative approach to videogame technology is evinced through the Wii’s controller system† (Roccols, 2008). Such use of technology was perhaps neglected by competitiors. Secondly and closely linked to the first, the Nintendo Wii is able to target a larger user base as it targets consumers of all ages. With this strategy, â€Å"The Wii has allowed Nintendo to not only compete with Sony and Microsoft, but to experience the incredible success it remembers

Should the government provide free public education to children of Essay - 2

Should the government provide free public education to children of illegal immigrants - Essay Example Critics’ against free public education for illegal immigrants a. Expense b. Threat c) Conclusion 2. Work cited Illegal Immigrants and Free Public Education America has been experiencing a high number of immigrants. Many people are leaving their countries heading to America in pursuit of job opportunities and better living standards. Some of these immigrants do not have the permit, or have expired visas or even improper documentation to be in America hence are illegal immigrants and may come with their families inclusive of their school going children. Although America advocates free primary school education, it has the challenge of whether or not to provide these children with free public education (Grandrath, 2011). This argument has been continuing for quite a long time, but no specific agreement reached. Education is crucial but expensive, hence the need for free public education. Though the provision for free public education to illegal immigrants still face challenge, the need is inevitable. Educational Goals Generally, every young individual has aspirations and expectations of a good future. It is considerably true that education is the key to self-development and sustainability. To enable the young individuals achieve their goals, America provides its’ citizens with free education in public schools. ... Education also renders an individual, political empowerment (Grandrath, 2011). This will make sure that the individuals are aware of the voting systems, rights, and freedom on any political freedom. Importance of free public education for illegal immigrants Providing education to children of illegal immigrants will reduce the rate of crimes in America. This is because when children are at school, their minds are busy and with constructive ideas. Ignoring such children may end up involving themselves with robbery, immoral behaviors, and all sorts of vices, following a common saying; an idle mind is a devils workshop. Therefore, educating such children shall contribute in upholding high morals in the society. Education is the foundation of development and actualization. Since every child has a goal and a dream to attain in future, refuting a child right to education interferes with his future (Longley, 2012). Although the security bodies argue that illegal immigrants are a threat to st ate security, educating their children will assist on enlightening them on the importance of peace and harmony in the society. Once educated, they may realize their talents and explore them in promoting the security issue in the states (Ramirez, 2008). Moreover, every economy faces labor shortage at any times due to the economic cycle. Providing such children with skills and knowledge will make sure that there is an adequate supply of labor. In return, this stable labor supply supports economic growth but leaving such children out of the education block, may translate that, important labor force has been ignored. Therefore, educating these children will solve the problem of labor importation to cater for the unfilled job vacancies which is a bit

Nonverbal Communication Codes Essay Example for Free

Nonverbal Communication Codes Essay 1. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image? Why are you looking at me? Is the nonverbal message that I would take from the woman with the bad tan. 2. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? I believe the nonverbal message in this image is Affect Displays. A woman with an obvious bad tan seems as though she has a negative reaction to the gentleman that’s doing a double take, looking at her. Her facial expression has a look of irritation from the staring 3. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? It is hard to determine the effect on the other people that is in the image; however, I suppose the people that are around them that saw the interaction should’ve felt the awkwardness as well. It would be obvious that the signal would be not to get involved and to look away. 4. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? Smiling or showing a friendly face and eye contact should have been made to reduce the feeling of inadequacy or awkwardness. 1. What cultural barriers are seen in this image? I believe the gentleman is focused on the group of woman because he is trying to figure out their dress and culture because it is different than his. 2. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? I feel like the type of nonverbal communication codes that is being used is Affect Displays and Regulators. The gentleman’s posture is used to communicate his emotion and his posture asked the question, â€Å"what are you are doing, and why you dressed that way?† This is an example of the affect Displays because his posture is showing emotions. The other code that is then displayed is the regulator because he is giving eye contact to the group with a facial expression, and open mouth or raised eyebrow, trying to get the group’s attention. 3. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? The effect that each person has in the image is of non-affect. No one has notice the gentleman’s non-verbal communication methods. Either no one sees it, or he is being ignored, based off of the individuals in the picture. 4. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? The nonverbal communication skills and strategies that can be used to communicate effectively in this situation were simply being a friendly face and smile to show no threat. Also, if the gentleman was really serious, he should have stopped and face the group that he was trying to get their attention 1. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image? The nonverbal message in this image says that there are still places in Asia where smoking continues to be allowed in some public places; and, smoking is a popular thing to do. 2. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? The nonverbal communication code that is used to deliver this message is the Adapters. Adapters are nonverbal behaviors that help you satisfy personal needs and adapt to the immediate situation or surroundings. 3. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? The effect that being an adapter in this image has on other people in the image I believe is that smoking is addictive and if one person smokes a cigarette and you are a smoker thing you will want a cigarette as well. 4. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? I am not a smoker; I would either leave the room or show displeasure from secondhand smoke. 1. What cultural barriers can be seen in this image? 2. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image? 3. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? 4. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? 5. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? 1. What cultural barriers can be seen in this image? The cultural barriers in this image can be defined as business people who are possibly on their way to work on being a know it annoyed by a woman on her cell phone, not paying attention to where she’s going. 2. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image? In this image, the people display a busy, business like image. The affect display can be displayed through their posture, and by putting little expression on their faces. It is almost as if it is a hostile rush to get where they’re going. 3. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages? The nonverbal communication codes that can be displayed from this image is the Affect Display. 4. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image? It seems as though the people in this image are annoyed by the woman was talking on her cell phone and not paying attention to where she’s going or having a very loud conversation. 5. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation? Lady, please hang up the phone and watch where you’re going.

Precautions That Can Help Catch Breast Cancer in Its Earlier Stages Essay Example for Free

Precautions That Can Help Catch Breast Cancer in Its Earlier Stages Essay Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of how simple steps can help them catch breast cancer in its earlier stages before it is too late. Central Idea/ Thesis: Through the help of mammograms, self-examinations, and funding you can find a way to either detect breast cancer in its earlier stages or possibly be able to prevent it all together. Introduction I. â€Å"Each year, about 192,000 women and 1,900 men in the United States are diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. And each year, nearly 40,000 women and 440 men die from invasive breast cancer.† (U.S News, 2010) II. Breast Cancer is something that many people love to avoid. I grew up in a family where it quickly became a big part of our lives. My great grandmother’s life was nearly taken due to breast cancer. Her struggle through the process made me want to provide information on how helpful breast check up’s could be. III. There are many ways you can stay up to date on what is going on with your health in regards to breast cancer. Lots of medical equipment and funding have become very helpful in the fight against breast cancer. IV. Today I will inform you of all the options men and women have that are available to them to help in the early detection and possibly the prevention of breast cancer. I will explain how mammograms, self-examinations, and funding make it possible to fight the cause. (Let’s begin by first discussing mammograms) Body I. What is a mammogram? A. Mammograms are used to look for breast cancer in women who don’t have any symptoms B. Mammograms can help to reduce the number of death among the women ages 40-70 C. Some mammograms can give false-negative and false-positive results. D. Many men have breast symptoms, including enlarged or painful breast tissue, but the majority does not need a mammogram, say researchers from Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. E. It can lead to an early detection of breast cancer. F. Finding cancer early does not always reduce the chance of dying G. The Radiation exposure of a mammogram can be harmful H. What do Doctors suggest about mammograms? I. A recommendation was made that you should be getting them every 1 to 2 years, if you are a woman over the age of 40 J. Talk to your health care provider about when you should start getting them if you have a family history. K. Best method is high quality screening mammograms (Moving forward I would like to discuss another option that is available in the prevention of breast cancer) II. Self-Examination A. Self-examinations are convenient B. Self-examinations can be done in the comfort of your own home. C. It helps you to become familiar with what you are looking for. D. Male breast self-examination (MBSE) is to be performed each month. (Stephan, 2008) E. Mark the date for your male breast self-exam on your calendar. This will help you stay on track and reduce anxiety about normal breast changes. F. Not every cancer can be found through doing a self-examination (con) G. It builds a foundation that you can set at home on your own to get to know your own body.(pro) H. Tips for preforming self-examinations 1. Get in the habit of doing you self-examination in a regular (for men it should be monthly). 2. If you are doing a self-exam remember that you shouldn’t panic if you think you feel a lump. 3. Become familiarized with the different areas of your breast (Finally, we will take a look at how funding makes all these medical advances possible) III. Funding for the cure A. Funding and Foundations make a lot of the medical advances they are making in breast cancer possible. 1. Susan G. Komen is one of the most famous foundations known to the Breast cancer world. a. Susan G. Komen is a foundation dedicated to Nancy G. Brinker’s sister. b. In 1982, the promise Nancy prompted her to begin her work Susan G. Komen for the Cure and they launched the global breast cancer movement. c. `She launched a whole new perspective on breast cancer. d. Susan G. Komen is one of the leading foundations. B. There are lots of other outlets that provide funding for breast cancer a. Plenty of marathons raise money for Breast Cancer b. Locally we have the Donna finish with Breast Cancer c. The National Marathon to Finish Breast Cancer. 26.2 with Donna is the only marathon in the country that is dedicated exclusively to raising funds for breast cancer research and care (Scanlan, 2012) (In conclusion) Conclusion I. I hope that after explaining how mammograms, self-examinations, and funding for breast cancer can give you a better insight on preventative precautions you can take. II. I hope that in closing this speech you take with you some bit of knowledge about this very important issue and maybe even apply it to your everyday life. Even the men in the room can spread this message to the women in your life and other men that you care about, be mindful of your health and always remember that it is better to know then to live in the shadows, because of fear.

Larval Cyathostomes in Horse: Case Study Report

Larval Cyathostomes in Horse: Case Study Report A two-year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding presented with extreme weight loss and diarrhoea in December. The horse had been at pasture with seven others for the last three months with daily supplementary hay. The horse was rugged and had not been closely examined for six weeks however had been observed eating on a daily basis. On the day of admission to the hospital the horse had been seen standing alone, in-appetent with severe diarrhoea. On arrival to the hospital the horse was quiet, alert and responsive, body condition score 1/9 (284kg bwt). There was faecal staining down the hindquarters and tail. The heart rate and respiratory rate were elevated (76 beats per minute and 20 breaths per minute). Mucus membranes were pink and moist with a capillary refill time of 2seconds. Gastrointestinal sounds were increased. Skin tent was extremely prolonged, indicating significant dehydration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a fluid filled colon and caecum with good SI motility and no evidence of bowl thickening. Although no abnormalities were detected per rectum, upon completion of the examination a large number of cyathostome larvae were visible on the rectal sleeve. Faecal analysis was negative for strongyle eggs. The significant clinicopathological abnormalities are presented below: Fibrinogen 6.3g/L (1.8-3.7g/L) Serum Amyloid A (SAA) 180mg/L ( Haematocrit (HCT) 45.1% (24-44%) Albumin 15g/L (31-38g/L) Blood lactate 3.1mmol/L (0.2-0.7mmol/L) Problem list Acute weight loss Poor body condition Diarrhoea Dehydration Differential diagnosis for diarrhoea Infectious: Samonellosis, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridia difficile, Lawsonia intracellularis, Parasitic: Strongylosis, larval cyathostomiasis Toxic: NSAID Miscellaneous: carbohydrate overload, sand enteropathy Due to the horse’s age, number of horses at pasture and poor worming history the most likely diagnosis was a larval cyathostomosis. Although the faecal worm egg count was negative this does not take into account the encysted burden of worms and therefore cannot rule out infection. The presence of red worm larvae on the rectal sleeve following rectal examination indicates the presence of larvae. An intravenous catheter was placed and maintainance fluids were administered to rectify the dehydration. 4L of plasma (Hypermune, Veterinary Immunogenics) was also given to provide anti-endotoxic and colloidal support. Dexamethasone (Dexadresson, Intervet) 0.05mg/kg IV every other day was administered initially. The horse was also started on fenbendazole (FBZ) (Panacur Guard) 7.5mg/kg SID for 5days. Additional supportive therapy included free access to palatable feed and fresh water. The following day, the horse was quiet with a moderate appetitite. Faeces became more watery so treatment with di-tri-octahedral smectite (Biosponge, Platinum Performance)1g/kg q6hrs per nasogastric tube and codeine phosphate (Codeine Phosphate, Crescent Pharma) 1mg/kg PO TID was started and adjusted daily according to faecal consistency. On day 3 the horse appeared slightly colicky and appetite reduced. Treatment with a single dose of flunixin meglumine (Finadyne, MSD Animal Health) 1.1mg/kg improved signs of abdominal pain. The following day the horse was brighter and appetite improved. The intravenous fluids were discontinued. At this point dexamethasone was replaced by oral prednisolone (Equisolon, Boerhinger Ingleheim) 1mg/kg PO SID. The diarrhoea improved over the following two days and on day 6 the codeine and biosponge were also discontinued. On day 7 of hospitalisation the horse was given moxidectin (MOX) (Equest, Pfizer) 0.4mg/kg to treat any parasites resistant to the fenbendazole therapy. A further blood sample on day 10 revealed improvement in HCT, fibrinogen and SAA. The albumin remained low at 15g/L but considering the horse’s dehydration on admission, this was slightly improved and would be expected to take weeks to return to a normal range. The horse was discharged. At this point the horse had a good appetite, was very bright and was passing normal droppings. Weight had increased from 284kg on admission to 305kg. Discussion Strongylid round worm, subfamily Cyathostominae, and infestation may affect up to 100% of pastured animals (Tolliver et al, 1987, Lyons et al, 1999, Lind et al, 2003). In adult horses, the disease is usually asymptomatic or observed in sub-clinical forms however in horses, which have not been treated, treated infrequently or are on heavily grazed pasture can reach hundreds of thousands (Chapman et al, 2003, Gasser et al, 2004). The most common clinical manifestation of cyathosome infection is associated with acute larval cyathostomosis (Murphy et al, 1997). The poor worming history, minimal pasture management and heavily grazed pasture in this case indicated that this was likely. As with this case larval cyathostomosis is usually diagnosed in horses of 1-3years of age and is most commonly associated with severe weight loss, weakness, acute or chronic diarrhoea, subcutaneous oedema, pyrexia and colic (Lyons et al, 2000). In the UK age ( The blood results in this case alongside the diarrhoea and weight loss indicated a protein losing enteropathy. A decrease in total protein levels, particularly albumin, and neutrophilia are common presentations of horses infested with cyathostomes (Steinbach et al, 2006). The synchronous reactivation of the encysted larvae (EL3) into the gut lumen can cause extensive bowl inflammation which can not only result in enteral protein loss and impaired nutrient absorption, but also entrance of bacterial toxins into the tissues (Abbot, 1998, Giles et al, 1985 and Reid et al, 1995). This can be fatal in up to 50% of cases (Love et al, 1999). The plasma administered in this case aimed to provide colloidal support due to the reduced albumin, and act as an anti-endotoxic agent (Tennant-Brown, 2011). The debilitated condition the horse was in in this case led to consideration of the most appropriate treatment. There is a concern over worsening of a horses condition following administration of anthelmintics, however there is a balance between this and a delay in treatment leaving sufficient time for recovery following anthelmintic treatment (Johns, 2014). Johns (2014) describes the potential for using fenbendazole in severely emaciated horses. The concern with determining treatment is that the mucosal stages constitute the major cyathostomin burden, which is not particularly susceptible to most anthemintics (Love and Mckeand 1997). Chemotherapeutic strategies are not always successful in severe cases however the main two drugs licensed treatments for encysted larvae are FBZ or MOX. The initial treatment used in this case was Fenbendazole 7.5mg/kg bwt administered daily for 5 consecutive days. It has been shown to provide >95% efficacy vs. total mucosal larvae, including >91% efficacy against inhibited EL3 (Duncan et al, 1998). A single dose of moxidectin 0.4 mg/kg bwt was administered on day 7. This has been shown to have a persistent effect and be effective against all life cycle stages, including 90.8% efficacy against EL3 (Reinemyer et al, 2003). There have been limited reports of resistance and as such is recommended for the treatment of larval cyathostominosis (Reinemyer et al, 2003 and Molento et al, 2008). The reason for this follow treatment with moxidectin is due to the world wide prevalence of FBZ resistance, and even 5day courses at 7.5 or 10mg/kg bwt cannot overcome this resistance (Tarigo-Martinie et al, 2001). Although there is little research to support it, clinicians often choose to treat larval cyathostomes with a 5day course of fenbendazole followed by moxidectin. Reasoning behind this maybe due to FBZ killing larvae at a slower rate and therefore avoids a severe anaphylactic reaction associated with larval death. Also due to the resistance seen with fenbendazole, it leads to a ‘belt and braces’ approach to remove the encysted parasites. A concern with moxidectin is the risk of toxicity in severely-debilitated horses. Because of its highly lipophilic nature, moxidectin can become highly concentrated in the serum of animals with little body fat, such as this case, which increases the risk of neurotoxicity as it able to cross the blood-brain barrier, which is described in the literature (Johnson et al, 1999 and Muller et al, 2003). In many reported cases clinical signs have been evident following treatment of affected horses, a syndrome thought to be due to the inflammatory reaction associated with parasite death. A study performed by Steinbach et al, (2006) found a five-day course of fenbendazole caused extensive inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal wall associated with parasite death. However moxidectin treatment led to disintegration of larvae without the severe inflammatory response which supports the use of the latter drug in treatment of clinical cases, and questions the treatment protocol used in this case (Steinbach et al, 2006). Anthelmintic treatment is often administered alongside steroid therapy, which is important if heavy larval loads are suspected as with this case. The inflammatory reaction created by parasite death is often managed with corticosteroid treatment. Often treatment is started prior to larvicidal medication particularly if heavy larval loads are suspected. This aims to prevent acute exacerbation of the disease by rapid death of encysted larvae (Church et al, 1986). Church et al (1986) found that the administration of steroids alongside the anthelmintics lead to a synergistic drug effect. The corticosteroid lessens the immune mechanisms contributing to larval arrestment allowing the mucosal larvae to resume maturation and therefore more susceptible to the action of anthelmintics (Church et al, 1986). Although there has been no further evidence for its use, in clinical practice there appears to be a therapeutic advantage with cyathostomosis cases in giving oral corticosteroid concurrently w ith anthelmintics (Love and McKeand, 1997). As this was a concern in this case corticosteroid treatment was used alongside anthelmintic therapy. Codeine Phosphate although not licensed in horses, was used in this case to provide symptomatic relief of diarrhoea. It works by reducing gastrointestinal secretions and delaying intestinal transit. There was improvement seen in faecal consistency after 48hours and the dose was altered accordingly (Murphy et al, 1997). Studies are currently underway to develop a diagnostic assay to allow the detection and quantification of mucosal cyathostomes to allow for targeted treatment (Proudman and Matthews, 2000). FEC underestimate the true parasite burden when larval populations predominate and luminal adult burdens are low (Dowdall et al, 2002). This was seen in this case where the FEC was negative however the clinical signs and presence of larval on the rectal sleeve all suggested larval cyathstomiasis. The successful outcome in this case supported the treatment protocol used. However after consideration of the literature it would be prudent to question whether moxidectin alongside corticosteroid therapy would provide less intestinal inflammation, reducing the severity of clinical signs alongside ensuring the death of the encysted parasites.

Joy of Cooking :: essays papers

Joy of Cooking A creative interest I have is cooking with pastries, seafood and poultry. Preparing food can be fun. All I need is just a little imagination and time. Pastries are dessert that are severed for special occasions and after a meal. Pastries are special due to the fact each one tastes and looks different. The creative format comes from the chef. Since I am the one who cooks in my house, I must prepare each dish tasteful and attractive. For example, I was thinking of a creative cake for my daughters&rsquo birthday. I decide to make her a choo choo train cake. The way I want to present this dish is by making it look like a toy train with zoo animals standing near by. The idea of this dish is to make the train look similar to the candy house in the story, "Hansel and Gretel". The first step was to add food coloring to the icing. She was excited. "Mommy, can I mix the colors?" Next, I decorated the cake board with grated coconut. I add green food coloring to the grated coconut. Jessica said, " Mommy, that looks like grass." Then, I decorated the carts of the train with different color icing. For example, I placed green, blue, and red icing on each of the carts. When I finished decorating the carts, I placed them on the black licorice train tracks. When I was finished with placing the carts on the track, Jessica and I arranged assorted candy all over the train. Another creative idea I had was to cook with the children in after school care at William Lehman Elementary. For example, I had decided to make an orange shake with them to celebrate Halloween. The first step I created, was to add orange sherbet ice cream. Next, I add cream soda to the float. When I was finished the shake, I placed one chocolate chip cookie inside of the float. Cooking creativy with seafood is another outstanding process. When cooking shrimp, I must prepare each shrimp to the procedure I want. For example, when preparing Chinese Fried Rice, I cook every item separately. For instance, this dish requires shrimp. This dish I peel each shrimp. Then I season the shrimp with soy sauce. Then, I stir fry them. When I cook this dish, I add everything in a bowl. Once the Chinese rice is cooked, I prepare the platter. For instance, I chop up green onions and place them around the Chinese Rice. Then I slice thin piece of oranges and locate then around the green onion.

Payouts to smokers who are ill :: essays research papers

Are payouts to those made ill by smoking justified? Over recent years research has clearly demonstrated the harms of smoking, both in terms of reduced quality of life and death. We are now able to gauge more accurately the real health impacts of direct tobacco use and environmental tobacco smoke. Of all drugs, both legal and illegal, smoking is the biggest killer. The social and economic cost of tobacco use in Victoria is more than $3 billion per year and more than two thirds the total cost of all drugs. Thirteen Victorians die every day from causes associated with cigarette smoking. Good morning/afternoon Mrs Birt and class, On Thursday the 11th of April the Supreme court of Victoria awarded Melbourne grandmother Rolah Ann McCabe $700,000 in damages after she sued one of the world's leading tobacco companies. The Victorian Supreme Court found that Australia's biggest tobacco company destroyed thousands of internal documents to deliberately subvert court processes and to deny Melbourne lung cancer patient Rolah McCabe a fair trial. Standing on the steps of the Supreme Court after her victory over British American Tobacco, Rolah McCabe pleaded with teenagers and especially girls not to smoke. Mrs McCabe is the first Australian smoker to successfully sue an international tobacco company and recently announced a donation of $70,000 to the Cancer Council of Victoria. The question raised by this is issue is are payouts to those made ill by smoking justified? Many non-smokers would say that everyone has the choice whether to smoke or not and that it is a voluntary action to smoke. But the nicotine in cigarettes is just like any other drug and can be as hard to quit has heroin. To understand whether or not people like Rolah McCabe deserve compensation from Tobacco companies, people who make opinions on this issue must be informed of the relevant information about the tobacco industry and each individual persons history. Mrs McCabe was born in Gippsland and started smoking the Capstan brand of cigarettes in 1962 at the age of 12, according to her statement of claim. Within four years she was smoking between 20 and 30 cigarettes a day. She then changed to the Escort brand in 1966 and smoked until 1992. At this stage in time anti smoking legislation had not been implemented by the Australian government as the dangers and health risks of smoking were not known. In a time of ignorance Tobacco products such as cigarettes were legally advertised on T. Payouts to smokers who are ill :: essays research papers Are payouts to those made ill by smoking justified? Over recent years research has clearly demonstrated the harms of smoking, both in terms of reduced quality of life and death. We are now able to gauge more accurately the real health impacts of direct tobacco use and environmental tobacco smoke. Of all drugs, both legal and illegal, smoking is the biggest killer. The social and economic cost of tobacco use in Victoria is more than $3 billion per year and more than two thirds the total cost of all drugs. Thirteen Victorians die every day from causes associated with cigarette smoking. Good morning/afternoon Mrs Birt and class, On Thursday the 11th of April the Supreme court of Victoria awarded Melbourne grandmother Rolah Ann McCabe $700,000 in damages after she sued one of the world's leading tobacco companies. The Victorian Supreme Court found that Australia's biggest tobacco company destroyed thousands of internal documents to deliberately subvert court processes and to deny Melbourne lung cancer patient Rolah McCabe a fair trial. Standing on the steps of the Supreme Court after her victory over British American Tobacco, Rolah McCabe pleaded with teenagers and especially girls not to smoke. Mrs McCabe is the first Australian smoker to successfully sue an international tobacco company and recently announced a donation of $70,000 to the Cancer Council of Victoria. The question raised by this is issue is are payouts to those made ill by smoking justified? Many non-smokers would say that everyone has the choice whether to smoke or not and that it is a voluntary action to smoke. But the nicotine in cigarettes is just like any other drug and can be as hard to quit has heroin. To understand whether or not people like Rolah McCabe deserve compensation from Tobacco companies, people who make opinions on this issue must be informed of the relevant information about the tobacco industry and each individual persons history. Mrs McCabe was born in Gippsland and started smoking the Capstan brand of cigarettes in 1962 at the age of 12, according to her statement of claim. Within four years she was smoking between 20 and 30 cigarettes a day. She then changed to the Escort brand in 1966 and smoked until 1992. At this stage in time anti smoking legislation had not been implemented by the Australian government as the dangers and health risks of smoking were not known. In a time of ignorance Tobacco products such as cigarettes were legally advertised on T.

A World Without Mathematics :: essays research papers

According to teachers for as long as any can remember, one cannot survive in this world without mathematics, yet thousands in the United States alone cannot grasp mathematics, cannot learn mathematics because of â€Å"Dyscalculia† (also called Dyscalcula). Dyscalculia is a term meaning "specific learning disability in mathematics." People who suffer with a poor memory for all things mathematical have many other symptoms and characteristics. Taken as a whole, these coexisting conditions comprise what is termed as "the dyscalculia syndrome." Dyscalculia is an MLD (mathematics learning disability) that affects approximately ten percent of the US population, yet almost no one (shy of those diagnosed with the MLD) knows that it even exists. People who suffer from Dyscalculia have severe anxiety attacks, as well as short term memory loss associated with mathematics, numbers, rules, and retention. Other symptoms of Dyscalculia range from normal or accelerated language acquisition, poetic ability, good visual memory for the printed word, difficulty with the abstract concepts of time and direction, inability to keep track of time, and may be chronically late. The diagnosis of such a MLD is a simple test that ranges from a few hours to as long as a day. It is, however, difficult to recognize because it appears similar to math anxiety, lack of studying, and just simple mistakes. Doctors believe that there are thousands in the world who have Dyscalculia, but go undiagnosed. The test is also very expensive, costing too much for the average person or college student to pay for (ranging from five hundred dollars into the thousand or so range). As is typical in dyscalculia syndrome, students are usually gifted in most other academic areas. They may be in Honors classes, achieve excellent grades, and be tenacious learners. Math, however, confounds them, because it defies their learning history. They can read, understand, work the problems, but instead of remembering and mastering the material, it is mysteriously forgotten sometimes an hour later. To some, it seems like a lack of effort; to those with Dyscalculia it is a nightmare. The typical response to this phenomenon is to try harder. Thus, students apply all of the strategies used for success in other classes to the mathematics task. But success is temporary. The student willingly exerts extraordinary effort and invests unprecedented amounts of time, yet success eludes her. At this point, the student becomes frustrated by seemingly insurmountable obstacles. But she is further aggravated by the fact that she cannot identify and define the obstacles to her achievement.

Byronic Hero

Byronic Hero – Romantic Hero – Tragic Hero – Anti-Hero During the Romantic Era, a hybrid of the Romantic Hero evolved out of the writings of Lord Byron and the combination tragic hero/romantic hero/anti hero characterization of many of the protagonists in Gothic Novels. Frankenstein is considered one of the Gothic Novels that developed out the the Romantic Era. The â€Å"heroes† in Frankenstein could fit into the Byronic Hero category or be classified as Romantic, Tragic, or Anti Heroes.Lady Caroline Lamb, a former lover of Lord Byron’s called him â€Å"mad, bad, and dangerous to know. † This epitaph stuck as a way to describe a Byronic Hero in literature as well. See if Victor Frankenstein fits the description of the Byronic Hero or if he embodies more of the traits of the other heroes. What about Captain Walton and the Monster? Characteristics of The Byronic Hero: †¢ high level of intelligence and perception †¢ cunning and able to adapt †¢ sophisticated and educated †¢ self-critical and introspective mysterious, magnetic and charismatic †¢ struggling with integrity †¢ power of seduction and sexual attraction †¢ social and sexual dominance †¢ emotional conflicts, bipolar tendencies, or moodiness †¢ a distaste for social institutions and norms †¢ being an exile, an outcast, or an outlaw †¢ â€Å"dark† attributes not normally associated with a hero †¢ disrespect of rank and privilege †¢ a troubled past †¢ cynicism †¢ arrogance †¢ self-destructive behavior Characteristics of The Romantic Hero: Birth and class are unimportant: the individual transcends society †¢ The battle is internal: it is a psychological war won by the â€Å"courage to be me† †¢ Moral codes are eccentric–heroes make their own rules †¢ Passions are outside of individual control †¢ Self knowledge is valued more than physical strength o r endurance (physical courage is de-valued) †¢ The hero is moody, isolated, and introspective †¢ Loyalty is to a particular project and to a community of like-minded others Characteristics of The Tragic Hero: †¢ has strong extraordinary character of noble birth (aristocrat or royalty) †¢ possesses a flaw in character which is his or her weakness †¢ Great Weakness (obsession, lust, greed, desire) leads to ultimate downfall †¢ has a moment of Tragic Choice which spirals into the downfall of hero †¢ Downfall always includes death in a traditional tragedy †¢ Downfall also brings about far-reaching catastrophe: many deaths, downfall of family, kingdom or society †¢ Tragic Hero has potential to turn into an Anti-Hero Characteristics of The Anti-hero †¢ foil to the mission or life of the hero possesses a sharp mind or cunning nature †¢ often possesses superhuman strength or power †¢ may be profoundly evil †¢ may be misunderst ood and have potential for good †¢ may have been wronged and bent on revenge †¢ may elicit no sympathy from reader †¢ may elicit some sympathy from reader †¢ may possess strong ambition to succeed or desire for power †¢ lives on fringes of society †¢ may be considered ugly or unattractive or possesses/obtained some physical scar, deformity or imperfection that may have lead to their evil behavior

Manchild in the promised land

First generation blacks in New York had the unique situation of being in the urban life for the first time, having come from slave work conditions on southern farms, they brought their experiences of living as slaves, they brought their religion and they brought hope that life in the city would be different, that life would be better in the promise land.   As we seen in Manchild in the Promised Land, life in New York is hard, harder than the south in new ways that blacks could not have prepared themselves for. Poverty, violence, and prejudice followed them where ever they went in America, including New York.   Black children growing up in this urban setting are like weeds growing between the cracks in the pavement—they are hearty, they do what they have to do to survive.   The streets are their playground, their school and hope is only in the luck one has that they won’t get busted.   How did this lifestyle develop?   A number of factors, namely poverty and prejudice caused other problems to develop such as violence, child abuse, drugs, prostitution etc. Child Abuse One social ill that often stems from poverty is child abuse.   In the book child abuse is seen in homes such as Claude’s friend Bucky whose mother, who is on welfare, is in such a state of despair that she chooses her drink and gambling over feeding her own four children.   These children liked living in the child welfare house because at least there they had three meals a day and a place to sleep.   Of his friend Claude says, â€Å"Bucky was the only kid I knew who could stay out all night long and not be missed† (p 32). This clearly instilled in these youth the struggle to survive at all costs whether it be violence or stealing.   School also became something that hardly seems worthwhile when a child could be out â€Å"catting† on the streets and come home with food, money, clothes or other items when school only meant that you would probably get in trouble for something and get beat when you got home.   Claude doesn’t seem to realize the benefits of going to school, learning to read etc. until almost his high school years when the prison warden encourages him and believes that he could do well. Just as a master abused the slave, many a black parent abused their children under the pretense of â€Å"spare the rod and spoil the child,† raising them up with violence in their hearts from the start.   Black children in Harlem were to respect their parents and do what they were told or pay the cost. For punishment for his various crimes and school skipping, Claude is beaten progressively more seriously until his father resorts to hitting him with his fists because it seems that no matter what punishment Claude is given, he continues to get into trouble and his father is frustrated to the point of serious violence.   So from the age of six years old, violence is instilled in Claude as a means for upholding authority and for punishing wrong doing but interestingly enough, violence was not enough to make Claude respect his father and the day his father used his fists on Claude seems to be the day that Claude’s relationship with his father was severed. Violence Violence is a part of survival in Harlem.   One must defend their manhood, their reputation or fear losing important alliances with other men who help make street life livable.   In prison one must protect their rank of power, which is more clear cut than on the street. Examples of violence in the book include when Claude disowns his friend for allowing himself to be beat up by white men—to Harlem street youth this was the most disrespectful thing one could do to oneself. Big Bill, a man in Claude’s neighborhood, encouraged the kids to fight because he knew they needed to learn how to defend themselves on those hard streets.   Big Bill was preparing them for life, as he saw it.   In order to survive, Claude learned, you had to be a â€Å"bad nigger,† which meant that you had to be willing to do anything; you had to be willing to die.   One time when Claude was beat up over a quarter he said, â€Å"It wasn’t the value of money†¦ It was just that these things symbolized a man’s manhood or principles† (p. 256). Violence is used to keep racial segregation—Claude is raised being told that if he were to ever sleep with a white woman he would be lynched.   The police use violence to control violence.   Violence is also used by the everyday inhabitants of Harlem to protect themselves against the people who live the street life.   Claude caught a bullet in the stomach from a neighbor who was simply trying to keep their sheets from being stolen.   One man’s head was cracked open by a landlord for peeing in the hallway of his building.     Ã‚  The cycle of wrong doing seems to be perpetuated by violence; it cuts the psyche and makes a person grow callous to what has to be done to protect oneself and one’s belongings in Harlem or any poor urban ghetto. Role of Women Black women in Harlem are the lowest on the totem pole so to speak and are treated as if they were objects to own or use.   Women are considered to only exist to please men and men like Johnny, a pimp, treat women very badly in order to get what they want.   Claude’s own mother is helpless to control her son, simply ringing her hands and saying, â€Å"Boy, why you so bad?† (p 27).   In the case of Sugar and Melvin, Sugar must step up when her man decides that he is not going to struggle to survive in hostile Harlem but simply give up—she must take on a more important role in the relationship and lead the household. Drugs Drugs are another result of urban poverty in Harlem.   Drugs are an escape, a chance to make a quick buck.   Claude also said that drugs became associated with manhood, â€Å"the young cats wanted to take drugs because they used to listen to the way the junkies talked, with a drag in their voice† (p 261).   Many a black man in Harlem got caught in the web of Heroine, thinking that they were in control and selling it, the drug took control of them.   Pimp, Claude’s little brother, was just such a character and Claude spent a lot of time trying to show his brother that this just wasn’t the way. Religion Religion in Harlem harks back to the spirituals of the South.   Charismatic church services were held in old stores, apartments or where ever there is space to be had. The preachers, such as Mrs. Rogers, a jackleg preacher, have no formal training but lead their family and peers in a sermon and loud prayer sessions. Claude was very skeptical of his experience in Mrs. Roger’s church and for years later he remembered church as a place where, â€Å" somebody lined up a lot of kitchen chairs in a few rows, a preacher did a lot of shouting about the Lord, people jumping up and down until they got knocked down by the spirit, and Mrs. Rogers put bowls of money on a kitchen table and kept pointing to it and asking from more† (p. 27).   Claude believes throughout the book that religion is just another distraction, like a drug, to take one’s mind away from the suffering of hard living. Black Muslims in Harlem represented a little different form of faith that dealt with the issues of the ghetto by turning the philosophy of prejudice around so that the black man was the superior race and the whites inferior and according to Floyd Saks, â€Å"The time has come for all back men to rise up, band together and do something for themselves† (p 319).   These Muslim’s encouraged blacks to â€Å"buy black† to better the black economy.   Although Claude recognizes the need for change in his community he quickly sees that Floyd’s faith is simply exchanging one hate for another. Role Models The only role models that urban youth in Harlem seemed to have were negative ones.   Those that worked hard did not make enough money to survive or live well.   Those that seemed to have enough money and to have control over their life were the â€Å"street heroes† or the men who were able to lie, cheat and steal their living.   Claude was influenced by friends his own age such as Danny, who taught him how to steal from cash registers and skip school or Johnny who taught him how to hustle on the street. Claude in turn became a â€Å"street hero† and influenced his little brother Pimp who then ended up becoming a drug user.   The influence of siblings was such that Pimp was expected to live up to his brother’s tough reputation so he had to be a â€Å"bad nigger† and he had to get in as much trouble as possible to catch up to his brother’s years of street experience.   Claude has to beat up an older boy for his sister Carole’s honor in order to preserve his own as well as hers. Claude finds a positive influence only in the â€Å"comforts† of the regimented prison where everything is clearly laid out with purpose.   Mr. Papanek and Mrs. Coen are the only two people in Claude’s life who positively influenced his actions and helped him to realize that he was going no where doing the same things that got him in trouble before and got other men in trouble before and after him. Papanek kept telling people that, â€Å"Claude Brown is going to be a real success† and as a result, Claude believed it and made it happen (p 167).   Doing something different had not occurred to Claude before this or to other youth like him because there just weren’t any successful young black men to be found. Reverend James was a positive role model in the Harlem community that Claude sought to help his brother Pimp get off drugs and to find a track into college.   Claude respected Reverend James because he was as intelligent as Mr. Papanek but he was black and he lived in Harlem with the rest of those struggling to survive and had found a way to survive outside of the mores of the street.   â€Å"Reverend James is a pretty hip guy for a minister,†Ã‚   Claude admitted to Pimp and it is the Reverend’s ability to be â€Å"hip† that made him capable of really making a difference in the lives of Harlem youth (p 390). The Ghetto Mentality Poverty, violence, crime and the lack of any hope or any positive role models caused a â€Å"ghetto mentality† to develop that made people have low aspirations and to focus on the appearance of things such as making sure to have fine clothes rather than planning ahead with finances for the future.   Success was seen only in the street heroes: pimps and successful criminals. Tilto, Danny and Mac are good examples of boys with no aspiration to ever do anything else but hustle and hope for a quick showy success.   When asked what he was going to do with his life Claude’s friend Mac says, â€Å"I don’t know man. I guess I’ll deal drugs† like every one else in the neighborhood was already doing (p 237).   This ghetto mentality was re-enforced by the fact that men with a criminal record after the age of sixteen were unable to find gainful employment or become a successful citizen in society so there was a sense of, â€Å"why try, I can’t do anything about it now.† This mentality is broken only by the influence of someone like Claude, who everyone respects on the street and who decided to get out of the lifestyle and to find something more fulfilling in life.   The likelihood of urban youth to come in contact with a Mr. Pancheck, like Claude did is less likely than for them to be impressed to change by someone like Claude.                              

International Expansion of an E-Tailer Essay

International Expansion of an e-tailer „We seek to be Earth ? s most customer-centric company for three primary customer sets: consumer customers, seller customers and developer customers. † The story of Amazon. com is a marvelous successful one. A company ? s biography which since the foundation in 19941 (followed by webpage launch one year later in 19952) became the world’s market leader in e-tailing by fully focusing on customer satisfaction and consequently aligning all organization activities, such as for example corporate strategy as well as technological portfolio, towards the consumer needs. From day one Jeff Bezos leads Amazon. com with a conspicuous overall philosophy of customer orientation and the strategic decision to focus on an increasing market share, instead of stock profits after Amazon went public (IPO) in 19973. Under consideration of these company’s aims, a powerful corporate structure has been built which became source of the flourishing first years in the US market (1995-1998) and also, specifying this as the crucial learning years in terms of consumer requirements and behavior, the preparation and basis for the future expansion. According to Cochran, customer satisfaction is a strategic decision and â€Å"the ultimate goal† of an organization – adequate investments and the full involvement of all employees are necessarily crucial. For the measurement and organization around the subject of customer satisfaction, numerous tools are available, such as reports, client comments, complaint processes and surveys representing elementary solutions for all kind of company-sizes and business4 as well as more sophisticated and comprehensive processes, such as the Balanced Scorecard5. However enterprises cover this part of their relationship towards customers, satisfaction ever has to be managed methodically, continuously, substance and process-broadly as well as differentiated by segments and target groups. 6 As a result of my research, no detailed and reliable information related to the customer relationship & satisfaction management of Amazon are available – nevertheless, Bezos has a clear picture of the customer needs and remains of the conviction that at Amazon they get exactly what they want: â€Å"selection, low prices, and fast delivery†. Consequently, for instance even the logo of Amazon has a relation to the organizations key objective of customer satisfaction8 and finally the overall strategy converts into measurable excellent results, such as the ACSI (American Customer Satisfaction Index) scale in which Amazon constantly ranks under the top best since the establishment of the â€Å"Internet Retail† category in 2000. 9 Exhibit A contains a division table which, on one hand, imparts a better visual understanding of the historical development that took place and, on the other hand, demonstrates how ambitious this sector is performing in the area of customer satisfaction – currently, but also within the prior years of internet boom. Impressively, Amazon. com ranked first in 7 out of 11 years in which this Index category has been tracked. Displacement of the first position appeared only in 3 specific cases, such as barnesandnobel. om (strongest competitor in the US with the objective to keep up with

Jim Crow Laws

Segregation and disfranchisement laws were often supported, moreover, by brutal acts of ceremonial and ritualized mob vi olence (lynchings) against southern blacks. Indeed, from 1889 to 1930, over 3,700 men and women were reported lynched in the United States–most of whom were southern blacks. Hundreds of other lynchings and acts of mob terror aimed at brutalizing blacks occurred throughout the era but went unreported in the press.Numerous race riots erupted in the Jim Crow era, usually in towns and cities and almost always in defense of segregation and white supremacy. These riots engulfed the nation from Wilmington, South Carolina, to Houston, Texas; from East St. Louis and Chicago to Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the years from 1865 to 1955. The riots usually erupted in urban areas to which southern, rural blacks had recently migrated. In the single year of 1919, at least twenty-five incidents were recorded, with numerous deaths and hundreds of people injured.So bloody was this summe r of that year that it is known as the Red Summer of 1919. The so-called Jim Crow segregation laws gained significant impetus from U. S. Supreme Court rulings in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. In 1883, the Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The 1875 law stipulated: â€Å"That all persons †¦ shall be entitled to full and equal enjoyment of the ac Some historians believe that a Mr. Crow owned the slave who inspired Rice's act–thus the reason for the Jim Crow term in the lyrics.In any case, Rice incorporated the skit into his minstrel act, and by the 1850s the â€Å"Jim Crow† character had become a standard part of the minstrel show scene in America. On the eve of the Civil War, the Jim Crow idea was one of many stereotypical images of black inferiority in the popular culture of the day–along with Sambos, Coons, and Zip Dandies. The word Jim Crow became a racial slur synonymous with black, colored, or Negro in the vocabulary of many whites; and by the end of the century acts of racial discrimination toward blacks were often referred to as Jim Crow laws and practices.

Article summary of Roschach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article summary of Roschach - Essay Example The findings of over 125 meta-analysis and 800 multimethod assessment studies have shown that psychological assessment instruments such as the Rorschach perform as effectively as any instrument used in the entire health services industry such as â€Å"electrocardiograms, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dental radiographs, Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, positron emission tomography (PET) scans, and serum cholesterol level testing†. This conclusion was arrived at after analyzing a comprehensive set of 144 validity coefficients for psychological and medical tests. The results of these tests were comparable to those obtained for finding the validity of intelligence scales and the Minnesota Multi-phasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Hence the research scholars unanimously concur on the validity of the Rorschach, stating that they find no reason why this instrument should be criticized. Moreover, when one considers the contexts in which the Rorschach is usually used, then most criticisms directed against it don’t hold good. Hence conditional validity is a key area of research going forward.

The Influence of Children on The Buying Decisions of Their Parents Dissertation

The Influence of Children on The Buying Decisions of Their Parents - Dissertation Example In the recent times it is evident that the children are emerging as major players’ in the decision making processes of a family. In his researches McNeal gives an average, where we find that in the United States, children between the age group of 4-12 years tend to influence parents’ buying that is worth US$ 130 billion (Lackman & Lanasa, 1993). The influence of the children on their parents buying pattern varies with each sub-decision stage. Children that are the initiators, tend to exert to greater influence on their parents as regards decision-making on buying household products, than their non-initiator counterparts. The study of the literature also suggested that older children exert greater influence on their parents; more than the younger ones, but the child gender does not form a significant factor in influencing the parents buying decisions. From the review of the various articles, it can be easily derived that the marketers must now expressly take note of the growing influence of the children’s role within the arena of a family’s decision-making process. This review will first examine the family as a consumer base unit taking into perspective the presence of the child as a potential consumer within the realms of a family. The next segment would examine the children’s role on the parents’ decision-making processes; so that we comprehend the emerging picture where we find that the child from being at the background slowly comes out as a major player in the consumer segment of a marketplace. The third segment will examine the role of the children as a direct or indirect consumer (where he has established himself within the consumer segment) and will examine the various factors that influence the children’s purchase preferences. The fourth section will take a look at the various cognitive development theories that help a researcher to understand the biological/scientific reasoning behind a child’s at traction towards purchasing products and the consumer market. The fifth section will give a detailed insight into the theoretical reasoning behind a child exerting influence on his parents’ purchase decisions. Overall, the review gives a direction to develop a conceptual model after completely investigating all the factors that motivate the children's preferences of certain specific products and their influence strategies in family decisions. This will give us a clear perspective, as how and why modern marketers and consumer researchers should focus on children as an emerging primary segment, within the consumer market section. 1.1 A family as a consumer base unit â€Å"Family as a consuming and decision making unit is a central phenomenon in marketing and consumer behavior† (Commuri and Gentry, 2000, 1). For many decades the central role of the family in decision making and consumption of products has been identified by the marketing managers (Assael, 1998).  

Thomas Paine's theory (in Common Sense) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thomas Paine's theory (in Common Sense) - Essay Example Conversely, the government refers to an institution with a sole purpose of protecting the people from their own vices. The originality of the government can be traced to man’s evil. In this case, government is a needed evil to man. Apparently, the sole purpose of the government is the protection of life, property and liberty. Therefore, the judgment to a government should be based on its ability to fulfill this goal (Wilensky, 2010). Paine uses several imageries to pass his point. He considers a scenario in which some people are isolated in some island from where they are very detached from the rest of the rest of the society. With time with people will have to develop relations with one another and make laws that govern them. According to Paine, when persons are allowed to make their own laws, they will become much better off. This is because they pride of assuming responsibilities for the creation of their laws. He sees this as the best way for the American colonists to use. Therefore, the British reign over America and the whole system of government of Britain is a total flaw. The system used by the British to run their government is full of complexities and contradictions. Although, it claims to provide a reason system of the government, the British system is impractically wrong (Paine, 1995). Paine is also concerned with hereditary succession and monarchy notions. Naturally, man was born as equals and therefore such distinctions that occur between a king and a subject are unnatural. Although the world was created without kings, the ancient Jews insisted to have a king. Paine argues that God did not approve to this but just allowed them to have kings. Later on, God descended his wrath on the Jews because of their insistence on having a king. Paine therefore opines that monarchy as an institution has its origin from sin that is condemned by both the Bible and God. He goes ahead to condemn hereditary succession by arguing that even with the decision of having a king, the child of the king has no legitimate authority of becoming a future ruler. Hereditary progression has been a source of many evils like civil war, incompetent kings and corruption. Theoretically, America has thrived under the British rule. This makes them mandated to be under the rule of a king. However, the practical reality is that America has since evolved and no longer needs help from the British. Therefore, the claim that Britain protected America and should automatically seek allegiance is false since its mission is majorly to protect its economic interests. In most of Britain’s colonies, the British have been carrying out several attacks. Consequently, they do not deserve any loyalty from America. These attacks leave so little gains to the colonies. According to Paine, America or any other British colony can better do commerce with other countries in the rest of Europe. However, this will require that America first becomes independent. Past problems c annot be solved if colonies continue with their attachments to Britain. The only solution now for America and other British colonies is to seek independence. Otherwise, their problems will continue to persist (Paine & Slaughter, Common Sense and Related Writings, 2001). As a solution to this kind of mess, Paine offered to provide the form of government that can be adapted by

Posing a problematic question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Posing a problematic question - Essay Example Putting up a home requires flat and leveled ground. According to the picture, the area in question does not hold this characteristic as it is on a steep area hence making it not suitable for human habitation. Other details in the picture are controversial to these assumptions. The leaves could indicate the possibility of trees growing in the area. Another feature is the landscape that is steep in nature. Trees and steep landscape are usually associated with high rainfall that is essential for human existence. The boy in the picture shows human existence in the area despite the harsh conditions surrounding the boy. The boys’ good health demonstrates that there could be possible measures put in place rendering the area harmless by use of mosquito nets to prevent malaria (Oberlender 10). The area in question has more advantages for human habitation than hindrances. In conclusion, we see that with intervention, this area is able to support conditions required for good and healthy living

Read one artical from texasisd.com regarding upcoming legislative Article

Read one artical from texasisd.com regarding upcoming legislative Session ) and answer 3 questions in attach file - Article Example By being informed an educator can either chose to weigh in on one side or the other. Additionally, as being an educator, your opinion is valued and it is necessary to be aware of the changes that are taking place within the field as well as have an opinion one way or the other. As a function of being aware of this issue, it is my responsibility to form an opinion as to which side I support in the battle for school choice. Although both sides have salient points which bear repeating, it is without question that enabling school choice will further disenfranchise a large number of at risk and less fortunate children while serving to further help those that are in the least need of help. Bluey, Rob. "VIDEO: The Future Is Brighter With School Choice." The Foundry: Conservative Policy News Blog from The Heritage Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2012.

Military Training and Indoctrination of Children In Palestinian Research Proposal

Military Training and Indoctrination of Children In Palestinian Refugees Camp in Lebanon - Research Proposal Example When it comes to other human right issues in Lebanon like torture/ refugees and asylum seekers/ discrimination in addition to the inequality of women the political will from Lebanon is mainly absent and missing. The Government as an entity has tried to show goodwill in cooperating with various NGOs in order to improve situations in institutions like the prison especially with juveniles and also the disabled persons. The government also passed a law that helped abolish the religion identification on the IDs; this was a major step in helping fight discrimination. Most of the Middle East countries Lebanon included lack a comprehensive institutional and legislative framework that caters for the universal protection of human rights. In the Lebanon, although in the most sections of the legislations is in conformity with the international law the implementation of the aforementioned is lacking whereas in some instance the treaties are yet to be transformed into the national law. One importa nt aspect is that after a period of suspended legislative activities resulted from the internal political stalemates experienced in the country; parliamentary elections were held in 2009 June and no violations that were major were recorded. In the last decades there has been a jeopardized civil and political rights mainly brought about by the internal conflicts and also armed clashed witnessed around the country. Impunity is also widespread in the country consequence of a weak judicial system that has left crimes especially of the political nature to be committed in the recent past with no prosecution in sight. The interference of the executive in the judicial system in addition to the military courts that are unconstitutional are a violation of the international law. Torture in Lebanon has been accounted as being systematic and state officials and members of security organs in the country practice it coupled with legal prohibition and criminalization of torture. When it comes to th e wars around the world one of the recurrent wars that has been continuous is the Palestinian war in which thousands of people have been displaced to the neighboring Lebanon. Lebanon itself has experienced numerous and countless war between various factions that the paper will be looking at. A lot of attention has been paid to the war itself and the number of deaths that has been reported in the media but one major factor that seem to have been neglected is the fact that with the number of deaths on the increase there is a gap left behind in which soldiers are less and hence the need to increase the number. This has resulted in many underage children being drafted in the war without their wish as they are school going children. The children especially of the Palestinian Refugee camps around the Lebanon have undergone military training and also have been indoctrinated and as such are participating in wars when they are very young. This research proposal, aims at exploring how the war has affected the children especially in the Palestinian Refugee camp. INTRODUCTION Internally, in the recent past the political violence has been very rampant in Lebanon. In 2007 September a parliamentarian who was very prominent, Antoine Ghanem and six others were killed in a car bomb that was part of a series of political assassination in Beirut and nobody claimed responsibility for the attack1. In another incident in 2007 was the fight between the government troops and the Fatah-al-Islam that was an armed group and they fought in the Nahr-al-Bared refugee camp for

Accounting Information Systems - Information Needs for the AIS Research Paper

Accounting Information Systems - Information Needs for the AIS - Research Paper Example However, it is noteworthy that the benefits of the package generally outnumber the development cost. Accounting Information System delivers useful information to its user in a timely and systematic manner. The system is utilised by management for governing various organisational functions such as cash transactions, account receivables, account payable and so on and so forth. In every organisation, the accounts department is responsible for management of large volume of transactional data. The excess load of the accounts department is eased by the AIS. The AIS collect these data, arrange and store them accordingly and deliver them whenever necessary. The AIS is a computerised system comprising almost all automated functions; even so, the components of the system include involvement of human resource, instructions, procedures, data, information technology, security measures and internal controls. Considering all these factors, it can be ascertained that AIS is not completely automated and this is the reason that the software is prone to certain drawbacks. It has been observed that may corporate leaders and managers often make wrong assumptions regarding AIS resulting to ineffective performance of the system (Fuhong, 2012; Romney, et al., 2000). Argument: According to various authors, the excessive availability of information to a decision maker is considered as noise to the information environment. Consumers, presently, have significant access to vast data through internet and telecommunication channels which consequently enhances their options and confuse them. A number of authors advocated that managers can make influential decision only when they can consciously distinguish between necessary information and noise within a particular system. Noise generally incapacitates even the most resourceful decision maker, resulting to poor outcome (Lau, 2008). Argument: Research suggests that learning various aspects of the accounting information system can be time