MUSI 1002 Notes - 2546 Words

The Culture Industry Made up of economic institutions Adorno’s theories fundamental Commodity Fetishism The culture industry is successful because people fetishize cultural objects Creates false needs, alternative ways of thinking without people realizing People focus on consuming. To own it. We need to have it. Ex. Purchasing a concert ticket Standardization Popular music standardized: 1. Number of types immediately recognizable 2. Small number of structures 3. Small number of components to each song that’s interchangeable (ex.Intro,verse,chorus etc) Pseudo-individualization The type of variation between standardized products Surface changes (rhythm), not basic structure (chord progressions, verse, chorus) If pop†¦show more content†¦Syncopated rhythms Ex. Goldie â€Å"Angel† Electronica Not specifically made for dancing Desgned for wide range of uses Ex. Moby â€Å"Natural Blues† â€Å"Historica Electronica Preface† Simon Reynolds 2001 Lays out parameters that define a â€Å"field of possibility† within electronic dance music Texture matters more than actual rhythm Process of Sampling Mashups: Relies on irony and nostalgia, lots of people wil be familiar with the songs Convey cultural critique, launch discussions on social issues Correspondences, connotations and critical readings. Turned consumptions into production. Referring to the creative process DJ Danger Mouse, brought genre into public discourse Sampling, Meanings, and Interpretation Brackett, â€Å"Sample Mania† Can’t Touch This, resembles Super Freak. Same backing track. Hip hop is now commercial, started by 1990s. He suggested that popularity is due to the sampling of well known songs. In 1997, hit songs based on samplings with pervasive What impact does the song have? What is popular music text? Anything that conveys a cultural meaning Popular music text: recordings, music videos, live performances The music components in lyrics is important but also album covers Intertextuality: The idea that text communicates its meaning in relation to other texts. Meanings represented in popular text Preferred reading: dominant message set within codes and conventions in creation of the text Meaning may not

Intelegenc - 639 Words

INTRO: Abnormal psychology merely defined as behavior that is other than normal. However, other aspects have to be taken into account before an individual is categorized as normal; their culture, religion, and mind/body have significant effects on behavior. (Josh Part) Culture can be described as a representation of ones background and heritage, the views of music, art, and food are all taken into account when viewing an individual’s culture. Culture is actually a psychological word that describes a range of learned behaviors according individuals ethnic and social beliefs. There are variances in the understanding of abnormal behavior among different cultures. Which has an influence on how abnormalities are diagnosed and†¦show more content†¦Asian and Latino Cultures avoid expressing themselves in an emotional or distressing type of manor, rather they express anxiety in a physical way. In these cultures the expression of emotion is highly stigmatized and the expression of any emotion to a member outside the individuals immediate family is strongly discouraged (parker, 2011). Psychological disorders affect different cultures at different rates, for example a study of the different racial groups of the United States, viewed individual s over a lifetime and African Americans are significantly less likely than whites to become de- pressed, while the rate of depression for Latinos falls about midway between these two groups (parker, 2011). Depression is defined as an individual having a disorder with mood changes, social interactions, and physical functions. Depression is common for the American Culture and not so common in internationally such as Asian cultures. One reason for this statistics is that Asian people tend to live in an extending family setting. Which social support can be administered immediately for soothing results (parker, 2011). Diagnosing practice of the Chinese have varied over the years, and possibly for that reason depression rates that have been reported are inaccurate. â€Å"For example, Chinese psychiatrists have tended to take a broad diagnostic view of schizophrenia, with the result that some patients with affective disorders

Leading Change Custom Research by Essay Writers Free Essays

As the modern business world becomes more complex, so too do the things that are required for organizations to emerge as viable competitors in the challenging international environment of the 21st century.   In his book â€Å"Leading Change†, John P. Kotter discusses the needs of 21st century organizations at length; through the course of his discussion, Kotter makes several assertions that correspond directly to certain areas of education. We will write a custom essay sample on Leading Change Custom Research by Essay Writers or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In this paper, two of these areas will be further discussed. The Impact of Kotter’s Book on Educational Administration Generally stated, from Kotter’s point of view, the organizations and organizational leaders that will be most successful in the 21st century will be those that embrace learning as a lifelong pursuit (Kotter, 1996), which of course should lead to better leadership, decision making and hence stronger organizations. With this premise in mind, the impact of Kotter’s theories on educational administration becomes much clearer; administrators in the modern educational system must not make the mistake of viewing education as something that the individual pursues in their earlier years as a means of starting a career, but must view education as a holistic process that is the common denominator in the life of an individual, even after starting on a career path to upgrade skills, become more proficient in present job responsibilities, and perhaps to be promoted to higher positions where they can have more of a positive organizational impact. The demand that will exist for lifelong learning will mould the role of educational administrators into a sort of career coach or adult mentor, whereby they will be consulting the long-term learner on the best educational path to take; moreover, based upon the demands for certain curricula, the administrator will undoubtedly be involved in the creation and implementation of new courses to meet growing demand. How Kotter’s Work Could Shape the Knowledge of Educators As a consequence of the directional change of educational administrators, Kotter’s work could also shape the knowledge of educators in several significant ways.   Kotter, in â€Å"Leading Change†, puts forth the philosophy that without learning, no major positive change can take place in an organization, and with this end in mind, the members of a given organization need to be encouraged to â€Å"learn how to continue learning† and â€Å"learn how to lead† (Kotter, 1996). Therefore, just as the administrator will play a mentoring role in this new learning process, the educators themselves will become the main drivers of these new learning strategies, in pursuit of the end result.   Educators will also need to renew a commitment to lifelong learning, as they return to the classroom as students in order to learn the kinds of material that they in turn will be required to teach to the lifelong learner. In addition, their educational approach to the student will surely change extensively due to the fact that they will be directing lessons toward a much different demographic than usual, with different goals and ways of retaining material that is given to them.   Lastly, the educators will need to keep in mind that the adult learner may be resistant to the educational process, at least initially. Summary John P. Kotter poses a challenge to leaders, organization members, and the educational community in â€Å"Leading Change†.   This challenge comes in the form of a call to action that, if followed, will undoubtedly advance the modern organization and change the face of business for generations to come.   With business and education working in tandem, a new revolution is on the horizon that will provide, along with challenges, endless opportunity and promise. References (Kotter, 1996) (Kotter John P 1996 Leading Change)Kotter, John P. (1996). Leading Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.    How to cite Leading Change Custom Research by Essay Writers, Essays

The Pursuit of New Product Development Principles of Marketing

Question: Describe about The pursuit of new product development Principles Of Marketing? Answer: What is marketing? Marketing can be defined as the process by which the goods and the services move from the place of their concept to the customers. It involves to the identification of the product, the selection and the development of the product so that it meets the requirement of the people. there are two types of definition given one is from the social perspective and the other is from the managerial perspective (Appannaiah, Reddy and Ramanath, 2010). From the social perspective it can be said that marketing as the process by which the individuals as well as the groups get what they need by offering, creating, and exchanging services which provides value and products freely with the others. The managerial perspective defines marketing as the art of selling the products. But it needs to be seen that the main objective of marketing is to understand the needs and wants of the customer very well so that the product fits them and they are able to sell it to the people. The American Marketing Association gave the managerial definition of marketing as: Marketing (management) is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals (Kotler and Armstrong, 1991). The airline industry is one of the profitable industries in the world and it is also one of the most challenging. There are three major issues that put threat to this industry they are safety, sustainability and convenience. The Malaysian airlines provide world class flight experience for the people. It is the national carrier in the country and is the largest airline industry in Asia. The airline carries nearly 37000 people on a regular basis to moir than 80 destinations across the world in 4 continents. The airline provides the best Cabin staff in the area and it has won awards for this. More over the company has over the past seven years have won this award for their outstanding performances in the service they provide to the people (Ashrafia, 2015). It can be said the company is way ahead in marketing their offers and the services that they provide. They try to understand the needs and demands of the people and customize their services in such a way that it is liked by the people. The success of the company depends on fact that how much the products liked by the people and the demand among the people. by the statistics that the flight carries 37000 people daily it can be seen that the company is successful in creating demand among the people by giving them unparallel services and they were successful in their marketing strategy (Hill, Self and Roche, 2002). Situation Analysis (SWOT) and how the Marketing Strategy is applicable to Malaysia Airlines The situation analysis of Malaysian Airlines can be done with the help of SWOT analysis. The Malaysian airline is a government owned airline and the flag holder of Malaysia. The company has several hubs and ports from where the flights are controlled. From the situation analysis of the company we will be able to find the factors that add to the strengths and weakness of the airline company (BOONE, 2012). The strengths of the company Strong recognition of the brand- the brand is equally recognized in the domestic market as well as in the international market. The company has constantly put up a high standard of services to the people. The airline is rated as five stars by the aviation rating organization. More over the company is a award winner in the best cabin staff There is strong brand recall- the Malaysian airline is the name that comes to the minds of the people due to the branding and the promotion done by the company. More over the company has a well developed advertising as well as marketing teams who help the company to highlight their images in the minds of the people (The Telegraph, 2015). Management of the company- the Malaysian airlines has a strong management team and a good organizational structure. The management team plays an important role in the in planning as well as the controlling of the actions of the company in order to make the airline one of the best in its class in Asia. Quality distribution system- the Malaysian airlines has an extensive distribution network in the south Asian part, Middle East and also in Australia apart from the other global destinations like the USA and Canada. The distribution system of the company is proved to be efficient with more and more people are relying on it and are using it as a means to travel to the different parts of the world (theguardian, 2015). The weakness of the company There are several weaknesses that the company faces. It is in terms of the personnel as well as the finance. Relying on the international market- the airline depends heavily on the international market and the international onward moving traffic for their operation. There is very small domestic traffic in the country and there is limited growth in the domestic market of the company. Financial condition- the company was able to turnaround from their losses in the year 2007. They were not able to fully recover from the losses and were seriously hit in the year 2011 when they suffered a loss of RM 237 million. More over the competitors like the Thai airways and the Singapore airways have recovered from their losses and are financially stronger than the Malaysian airlines. Lowering operating profits of the company- the operating profits Malaysian airlines are lowering each day. Thus the performance is getting more severe as the company has to tackle the situation with the limited operating capital (Fine, 2009). Opportunities of the company Emerging markets- the company has the opportunity to enter new markets and expand the business internationally in various foreign markets. Thus the company has the opportunity to exaggerate the airline business in to the untapped market. New services- the company is trying to give added advantages to the people through their services. The company is promoting the Malaysian airlines as a tourism which provides medical packages to the people. The company has partnered with the local hospitals and it expects to get medical passengers from Indonesia, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. Threats of the company Competitors- the Malaysian airlines faces a lot of competition from the other airliners like the Thai Airlines, the Singapore Airlines etc. more over there are low cost airlines like the Air Asia as well as the Jet Star. These companies are set not to lose their market share in the Asian market. Terrorism and crashes- terrorism is one of the major threats to the company. The effect of the terrorism might be in some of the countries in which the flight is operating or in the flight itself. More over there has been some crashes in the flights of the Malaysian Airlines like the MH370 and MH17 in the recent past. Customer satisfaction The concept of the customer satisfaction is an important aspect in the marketing concept. The main aim of the marketers is to satisfy the needs, wants and the demands of the people by providing goods and services according the choice of the people. The customer satisfaction is perceived from the fact that the people will purchase repeatedly and the name of the company will spread by word of mouth (Chen, 2015). The airlines industry is concerned with the satisfaction of the customers, for that purpose the companies need to renew their strategies as well as try to products innovation and services that will provide benefit to the people. the airline industry of Malaysia needs to constantly improve their uniqueness in the services so that there is competitive advantage of the company over their competitors (Factors Affecting Customer Linking Capabilities and Customer Satisfaction in CRM, 2012). Perceived value- Customer perceived-value is the process of perception about the quality, benefit, social psychology and money. It is said that perceived value is a significant aspect in the purchasing decision of the consumers, and the customers will purchase a product by means of high perceived value. Perceived quality- Perceived quality is just the customers assessment in overall, of the average process of getting consumer services. Some expert considers that the apparent quality is the degree of conformity rate among the perceived performance as well as customer expectations. The brand image of the company can be positively impressed by the perceived quality. Customers also judge the class of the product or the service on the base of a range of informational cue that they try to relate with the items (DR.K.VANITHA, 2012). Macro and micro environment of marketing There are two kinds of factors that affect the environment of the business. These factors are sometimes external to the company and at times internal to the company. The macro environment is considered to be the one that is external to the company and affect all the firms that are there in the industry. The micro factors are those that are internal to the company and are likely to affect the individual company only (Themalaysianinsider.com, 2015). The various macro environmental factors that affect the business are: Economic factors Political factors Technological factors Socio-cultural factors Environmental factors The various micro environmental factors that affect the business are: Customers Suppliers Shareholders Employees Media Competitors The macro environmental factors that affect the Malaysian airlines are: Socio economic factors The airlines industry has suffered losses of around $10.4 billion in the year 2008 and the $9 billion in the year 2009. The fall in the loss of the airlines was due to the fact that the prices of the fuel reduced. The company earlier also faced tremendous losses in the year 2000 when the company was forced to cut down the routes that were unprofitable. The Malaysian airlines had to face the struggle again in the year 2011 due to the rise in the fuel price and for the mismanagement issue. The company has recovered well from the crisis with in 2013 by executing a rationalization of the routes and implementing better marketing strategy. Until recently the company faced severe blow when two of their aircrafts crashed within a gap of four months in 2014. It was seen that the company which was struggling with the financial crisis had to face the new challenges due to the plane tragedies (Dugi-doc.udg.edu, 2015). Socio-cultural factors The aviation industry looks to the matter of the environment and the impact that are associated with the environment. The aircrafts of today are nearly 80 % more fuel efficient than those that were manufactured in the 1960s. There are certain aspects that needs to be kept in mind that the aircrafts in while in the air emit certain amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. There are certain factors that had an impact on the people. There are people from various religions who board the planes for their travel. Malaysian airlines need to take the initiative that the people travelling in it are satisfied and they need to market the fact that the planes effective in holding up their demand and that the planes are efficient in saving the environment so that they can earn the trust of the people (Lee and Park, 2014). The micro environmental factors that affect the Malaysian airlines are: Competitors The competitors of Malaysian airlines are intense as the company faces tough competition from other airlines like the Singapore Airways and the Thai Airways. The company faces both full fare as well as low cost airlines that operate in the Asian region. There is immense competition that the company faces in the Middle East region, India and China. These competitions often create a pressure on the performance of the company and hamper the revenue of the company (Song Jing, n.d.). Employees Malaysian airlines have a well designed structure in the organization. There are talented employees who look after the benefit of the people. The productivity of the airline help the company improves their situation during the financial crisis that had hit the company in the year 2004-2005. Though there are certain advantages of having skilled employees who look to the benefit of the company, there were times when the inefficiency of the employees led to severe losses. This was mainly due to the poor decision making of the company. Demographic segmentation and differentiated strategy The Malaysian airlines operate on a service based criteria which accommodates the customer with an excellent flying experience. The company on a regular basis reviews the performance of the company so that they are able to update the service that they provide, and they stay in competitive advantage from their competitors. The target customers of the company are all class of people belonging to the high income group as well as the low income group. The company has initiated this approach so that they are able to attract a wide range of people (Palmer, 2000). The company tries to achieve those by introducing sales promotion through the media and also by establishing of subsidiaries in the business. The company ensures that the customers are entitled to a first class travelling experience at low prices whenever the people board the plane. The company follows a differentiated targeting as the company has special classes of tickets for all the types of people. There are various features that the company provides like corporate travel, government travel in the commercial sector apart from the various low priced and high priced flights that are provided to the people (Eggermond, 2007). In the corporate travel the company provides special facilities to the people of the corporate sector by planning the most attractive, competitive and suitable price structure for the corporation and for the people. In the government travel the company tries to provide for the government employees certain facilities as the government is the strategic partner of the company. The company provides tickets as well as travel warrants to the government officers and other officials on the duty. Consumer behavior identifies the needs and the wants of the people or the consumers. Needs are those that are unsatisfactory conditions that the people have and thus it prompts the companies to look into those matters to serve the people in a better way. There are certain aspects that are considered to be essential for the company to make the consumer feel happy and satisfied after they avail the services of the company. Malaysian airlines consider that the consumers of their services are in need of specific services so that they are satisfied while they are travelling by flight (Marshall, 2013). It needs to be seen that the companies spend huge amount of money to identify what makes the customers satisfied. There are various factors in the airline industry that makes the people alter their buying decision, or make a purchase. It needs to be identified that the passengers select different types of airlines based on the service that they receive, the socio economic condition of the people and also the purpose for which the people are availing the flight. With the rise in the competition among the various airlines, each one of the company are trying to offer one thing or the other to attract the customers from different nations (Elder, 2015). In Malaysian airlines the people are drawn to the service of the airlines due to several factors like the music, marketing, lighting and advertising. The company seeks to provide the people services that are beyond the expectations of the people. The company has extensive advertising on the various media so as to attract the people to avail the flight in spite the disaster that the company faced when the MH370 and MH17 crashed recently. More over the company provides hospitality services in the airlines where the company has tie ups with the local hospitals so that the people can receive emergency treatments in those hospitals. The cabin staffs of the airlines are very good they take care of the passengers in a highly sophisticated manner and the airlines had received the best award for the cabin crew. Thus these are some of the factors that prompt the customers to stay loyal to the airlines (Maricic, Veljkovic and Djordjevic, 2012). Considering the needs and the wants of the people, the company tries to grab the attention of the people by giving world class services, in the flight. The needs and demands of the people are looked after by the cabin staffs, so that the passengers do not have any complaints while they are traveling. There are certain other services that the company offers on the ground like the Golden Lounge which the people can use, the Kidscorner and the Platinum suites. In the air, the company provides services like the Experience First, the Business the Economy class. New positioning for Malaysian airlines The company can decide to launch a new premium airline regionally. The company can decide to launch a new range of flights that will provide short hauls, like the company introduces the new flights like the new Boeing 737-800 fleet. Given a fresh slate, the new model of the business be able to be planned from the beginning for the sustainable business success with no inertial drag of legacy of the airline models. The comparatively smaller dimension of Boeing 737 means the airline can soar to more destinations where the customers and the people wish for traveling, at times that are convenient to the schedules of the people (Malaysiaairlines.com, 2015). The company also intends to create a management structure separate from the existing one so that the company can concentrate on the distinctive needs of the customer of provincial quality travelers. This innovative airline will set innovative standards for the product and the quality of service, cost efficiency, as well as excellence in operation. It will thus set the outline for the success of the airline. New product development There are a number of airlines that offer Wi-Fi services on board the plane. The internet services on the planes are not a new concept. But the Malaysian airline are yet to install the system, though the onboard Wi-Fi system are slow compared to the terrestrial systems but the lack of the system on board t he Malaysian airlines are a drawback for the company. Even their toughest competitor like the Singapore airlines is into the services, and they are giving the Malaysian airlines tough competition (Annacchino, 2007). So the best product that could be developed is the online Wi-Fi system, which will be beneficial for the company as well as the people. There are several advantages if the company installs the Wi-Fi on the planes. The product can be named as MASconnect The product- the Wi-Fi on the planes is similar to the ones that are installed in the ground. But the services that the onboard wifi provides are not as fast as compared to the services that are the ground wifi provides. The MASconnect will provide the people with the opportunity to serve the internet even 30000 feet above the ground. The wifi will be provided with the air borne mobile connectivity. This facility will make the people use all their mobile phones and other devices which need the internet even while the people are on the air (BOONE, 2012). Advantages of MASconnect- the feature will come with a low cost of $1.95 so that the people can connect and stay in contact with the people on the ground. There are no extra roaming charges that will be applied to the customers as the people will need to pay as the people will pay for it along with their normal roaming charges (Intervistas.com, 2015). The people need to turn on their wifi and browse for the signal on their phones and it will connect once the password is provided. Disadvantages of MASconnect- it is not free and all the people will not be able to use the services and the people have to buy it. More over it will be available for the economic class or the business class and the government segment of the flight, initially. More over there is a disadvantage is that there is chance of data leakage to unauthorized people who try to access it Distribution strategy that the company can use The company can advertise for the product in their regular ads and can use big posters and hoardings to publish the product to the people. The company can use the television and the newspapers also to attract the people to the new feature that the company will install. More people will be attracted to the product as the people are in need of the internet service in all possible places so that they are able to work from any place, be it from 30000 feet above the ground (Business Plan Our Way Forward, 2011). Price and the promotional strategy The price of the product is minimal as the MASconnect will come for $1.95. The price is low as the concept is new and the company wants to test the acceptability of the product among the people. Once the product becomes acceptable in the market and the people like the experience the company will raise the price of the product. The people who wish to avail the services need to pay an additional price of $1.95 to the original price of the tickets. The various promotions that the company can use are to make the people have an experience of the Wi-Fi services for free so that the people are aware of the features that the flight will provide. More over the company can use advertisements in the airports and distribute pamphlets when the people book their flights in person or provide online brochures to the people who will book the ticket via online (Penaloza, Toulouse and Visconti, 2012). There are certain other strategies that the company can adopt that are the direct marketing of the product. The cabin crew can announce about the product when the people are on board that the airline will launch the paid Wi-Fi services for the people. The promotion of the product can be also through the word of mouth as the people will promote the product if they like the services and will tell others about the good services the MASconnect will provide. Targeting the customers The company will target two kinds of customers one is the business executives and the other is the government officials The company will provide the people with the facility of wifi on the plane for the business class and the economy class (Gordon, 2002). The company will target them as they are the people who are in the need of the wifi on the plane as they have work pressures and they would like to avail the airlines which will provide them with the services. More over they will be able to afford the additional cost of the wifi since it will be beneficial for them. More often than not the people are asked to submit the reports to the offices on time (Pooler, 2002). The next target customer of the company is the government officials as because the government of Malaysia is the strategic partner of the Malaysian airlines. The company will provide the services to the people when the people the government organizations will book the flights for the people. Additional elements of the extended marketing mix Malaysia Airlines in order to enhance the customer experience they need to improve customer service that the company provides to the people. In order to provide better service to the people the company needs to look at the needs of the people who are boarding the planes (Kishel and Kishel, 2005). The company needs to provide the people services that are innovative and are liked by the people. The company needs to maintain the 5 star image of the company. There are other changes that the company can adopt that are lower the cost of the tickets so that people of all economic backgrounds can avail the flights. The company should provide distinctive and unique products as compared to the competitors (Kotler, 1964). Service differentiation- the Malaysian Hospitality (MH) that the company provides are unparallel compared to the others in the business. More over the company provides services and has own award like the worlds best cabin staff and the Staff Service Excellence for Asia. These are for the services that the company provides to the general people and the government officials who board the planes (Melewar and Saunders, 2000). International tie-ups and domestic market In the domestic market the company tries to serve the people with the services of the company. The company tries to see that the people are well served so that they remain loyal to the company. In the international market the company is in collaborations with the Air Asia (Malaysiaairlines.com, 2015). It provides seamless associations all through and ensuing in lesser fleetcosts of procurement, ground handling as well as maintenance of costs and the improvements inthe on-time performance of the company as well as improvements in the utilization of asset. Conclusion It can be seen that the airline industry is one of the profitable industries in the world and it is also one of the most challenging. There are three major issues that put threat to this industry they are safety, sustainability and convenience. The Malaysian airlines provide world class flight experience for the people (Penaloza, Toulouse and Visconti, 2012). There are certain factors that lead to the airline being threatened like the competitors in the market and the two back to back damages to the flights. But there is one thing that needs to be kept in mind is that the airline is cheap compared to the other in the area and the airline provides as excellent services to the people on board the flight. The airline will need to incorporate certain changes so that the people overcome the fear and they remain loyal to it. References Annacchino, M. (2007).The pursuit of new product development. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Appannaiah, P., Reddy, D. and Ramanath, H. (2010).Principles Of Marketing. Himalaya Publishing House. Ashrafia, S. (2015).Mini Case Study: Malaysia Airlines. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.adaptivecycle.nl/images/Mini_case_study_MAS.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015]. BOONE, L. (2012).Contemporary marketing, 2013 update. [s.l.]: Cengage learning custom p. BOONE, L. (2012).Contemporary marketing, 2013 update. [s.l.]: Cengage learning custom p. Business Plan Our Way Forward. (2011). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://announcements.bursamalaysia.com/edms/edmswebh.nsf/all/482576120041BDAA4825795F0031D170/$File/MAS%20Business%20Plan%202012.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015]. Chen, A. (2015).Evaluating Service Marketing in Airline Industry and its Influence on Student Passengers Purchasing Behaviour. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/3248/1/journal_of_travel_and_tourism_marketing2.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015]. DR.K.VANITHA, D. (2012). Customer Relationship Management on Customer Satisfaction.IJSR, 3(4), pp.1-3. Dugi-doc.udg.edu, (2015).A SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS AND SEGMENTS PROFILE OF BUDGET AIR TRAVELERS. [online] Available at: https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/handle/10256/9125/Segmentation-Analysis.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015]. Eggermond, M. (2007).Consumer choice behaviour and strategies of air transportation service providers. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ivt.ethz.ch/docs/students/sa203.pdf [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015]. Elder, L. (2015). 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Kotler, P. (1964). Marketing Mix Decisions for New Products.Journal of Marketing Research, 1(1), p.43. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (1991).Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Lee, E. and Park, C. (2014). Does advertising exposure prior to customer satisfaction survey enhance customer satisfaction ratings?.Mark Lett. Malaysiaairlines.com, (2015).Corporate Info - Our Story - About Us | Malaysia Airlines. [online] Available at: https://www.malaysiaairlines.com/my/en/corporate-info/our_story/about-us.html [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015]. Maricic, B., Veljkovic, S. and Djordjevic, A. (2012). Customer satisfaction measurement.Marketing, 43(4), pp.235-244. Marshall, M. (2013). International airlines face emissions caps from 2020.New Scientist, 220(2938), p.6. Melewar, T. and Saunders, J. (2000). Global corporate visual identity systems: using an extended marketing mix.European Journal of Marketing, 34(5/6), pp.538-550. Palmer, A. (2000).Principles of marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Penaloza, L., Toulouse, N. and Visconti, L. (2012).Marketing management. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Pooler, J. (2002).Demographic targeting. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate. Song Jing, L. (n.d.). CRM Market in Malaysia and the Factors that Affect the Adoption of CRM by Malaysian Companies.SSRN Journal. The Telegraph, (2015). Malaysia Airlines MH370: the black box explained. [online] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10726184/Malaysia-Airlines-MH370-the-black-box-explained.html [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015]. theguardian, (2015). Malaysia Airlines plane MH17 'shot down' in Ukraine - as it happened. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/17/malaysia-airlines-plane-crashes-ukraine-live [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015]. Themalaysianinsider.com, (2015).MAS holds spring sale in bid to attract more passengers - The Malaysian Insider. [online] Available at: https://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/mas-holds-spring-sale-in-bid-to-attract-more-passengers [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015].